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1.
1. Observe and describe.
2. Suggest meaning (theories).
3. Predict
4. Develop techniques to improve or otherwise change behavior, thoughts, learning, and emotions.
2.
1. The biological approach.
2. The behavioral approach.
3. The cognitive approach.
4. The psychoanalytic approach.
5. The humanistic approach.
3. homology
4. True
5. True
6. False
7. central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS).
8. brain and spinal cord
9. somatic, autonomic, and enteric
10. cerebrospinal fluid, blood-brain barrier
11. forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain
12. cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus
13. convolutions
14. cerebrum
15. cerebral cortex.
16. longitudinal sulcus
17. Bilateral symmetry
18. corpus callosum
19. Hemispheric specialization
20. lobes
21. occipital lobe
22. parietal lobe
23. temporal lobes
24. frontal
25. cerebellum
26. medulla, or medulla oblongata
27. Aphasias
28. stroke, or cerebrovascular accident (CVA).
29. Atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, embolism, aneurysm, hemorrhage
30. lobotomy or a frontal lobotomy
31. homunculus
32. Brain imaging
33. electroencephalograph (EEG).
34. Computer axial tomography (CT scan)
35. Positron emission tomography (PET scan)
36. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
37. Neurons
38. Sensory
39. Motor
40. Interneurons
41. Glia
42. dendrites and axons
43. Myelin sheathing
44. synapse or synaptic cleft
45. neurotransmitters
46. Excitatory, Inhibitory
47. peripheral nervous system (PNS), somatic, autonomic
48. Afferent, efferent
49. autonomic (involuntary)
50. sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric
51. sympathetic
52. parasympathetic
53. enteric
1. Observe and describe.
2. Suggest meaning (theories).
3. Predict
4. Develop techniques to improve or otherwise change behavior, thoughts, learning, and emotions.
2.
1. The biological approach.
2. The behavioral approach.
3. The cognitive approach.
4. The psychoanalytic approach.
5. The humanistic approach.
3. homology
4. True
5. True
6. False
7. central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS).
8. brain and spinal cord
9. somatic, autonomic, and enteric
10. cerebrospinal fluid, blood-brain barrier
11. forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain
12. cerebrum, thalamus, and hypothalamus
13. convolutions
14. cerebrum
15. cerebral cortex.
16. longitudinal sulcus
17. Bilateral symmetry
18. corpus callosum
19. Hemispheric specialization
20. lobes
21. occipital lobe
22. parietal lobe
23. temporal lobes
24. frontal
25. cerebellum
26. medulla, or medulla oblongata
27. Aphasias
28. stroke, or cerebrovascular accident (CVA).
29. Atherosclerosis, arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, embolism, aneurysm, hemorrhage
30. lobotomy or a frontal lobotomy
31. homunculus
32. Brain imaging
33. electroencephalograph (EEG).
34. Computer axial tomography (CT scan)
35. Positron emission tomography (PET scan)
36. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
37. Neurons
38. Sensory
39. Motor
40. Interneurons
41. Glia
42. dendrites and axons
43. Myelin sheathing
44. synapse or synaptic cleft
45. neurotransmitters
46. Excitatory, Inhibitory
47. peripheral nervous system (PNS), somatic, autonomic
48. Afferent, efferent
49. autonomic (involuntary)
50. sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric
51. sympathetic
52. parasympathetic
53. enteric
| Chapter 7: The Biological Components Chapter 7: Assignments |
a) Read the story of Phinehas P. Gage at http://www.deakin.edu.au/hmnbs/psychology/gagepage/Pgstory.phpNote the
date you completed this assignment _________
date you completed this assignment _________
| Chapter 7: For further study |
a) Read The Human Nervous System: Evidence of Intelligent Design [Part II] by Brad Harrub, Ph.D. at http://www.
apologeticspress.org/articles/695
b) Read Evidence for Intelligent Design from Biochemistry by Michael J. Behe at http://www.arn.
org/docs/behe/mb_idfrombiochemistry.htm
c) Read Mind Life by P. David Glanzer at www.asa3.org/ASA/topics/PsychologyNeuroscience/PSCF6-01Glanzer.html
d) View the Whole Brain Atlas Top 100 Brain Structures at http://www.med.harvard.edu/AANLIB/cases/caseM/case.html
e) Read about Roger Sperry’s Split-Brain Operations at: http://nobelprize.org/educational_games/medicine/split-
brain/background.html
f) Visit the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders at http://www.nidcd.nih.
gov/health/voice/aphasia.htm
g) Read a History of Lobotomy at http://www.cerebromente.org.br/n02/historia/lobotomy.htm
apologeticspress.org/articles/695
b) Read Evidence for Intelligent Design from Biochemistry by Michael J. Behe at http://www.arn.
org/docs/behe/mb_idfrombiochemistry.htm
c) Read Mind Life by P. David Glanzer at www.asa3.org/ASA/topics/PsychologyNeuroscience/PSCF6-01Glanzer.html
d) View the Whole Brain Atlas Top 100 Brain Structures at http://www.med.harvard.edu/AANLIB/cases/caseM/case.html
e) Read about Roger Sperry’s Split-Brain Operations at: http://nobelprize.org/educational_games/medicine/split-
brain/background.html
f) Visit the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders at http://www.nidcd.nih.
gov/health/voice/aphasia.htm
g) Read a History of Lobotomy at http://www.cerebromente.org.br/n02/historia/lobotomy.htm
| Chapter 7: Review Quiz |
1. Homeschool Psych suggested that introductory psychology texts generally describe four purposes for psychological
research. List them.
1. _____________________________
2. ________________________________________
3. ______________________________
4. __________________________________________
2. Homeschool Psych suggested that introductory psychology texts generally approach the content of psychology from
five perspectives. List them.
1. _____________________________
2. ________________________________________
3. _____________________________
4. ________________________________________
5. _____________________________
3. The theory of _______________ asserts that the presence of similar anatomical structures in different species is
evidence of evolutionary processes.
4. True or False? The Bible mentions the heart, mind, blood, bowels, liver, and kidneys, but not the brain.
5. True or False? For most of human history, the heart was thought to be the most important organ and the seat of the
mind.
6. True or False? The ancient Greeks thought the liver contained the mind.
7. The human nervous system consists of two systems, the _____________ and the ______________.
8. The central nervous system consists of the _____________ and the _______________ .
9. The peripheral nervous system, made up of the ______________, _______________, and _________________
systems, is the network of nerves traveling throughout the entire body.
10. The brain is shielded by the skull, cushioned and nourished in _______________________, and protected from
toxins by the _________________.
11. In the embryo, brain development begins as a tube of cells that rapidly develop into three distinct parts, the
________________, _________________, and ____________________.
12. The forebrain consists of the ________________ , _______________ , and _________________.
13. As the brain develops, it folds into deep wrinkles called ______________ allowing more brain surface area to fit in
the limited space of the skull.
14. The ______________ is the largest and topmost part of the brain, makes up about two-thirds of brain matter.
15. The cerebrum's outermost layer, where most of the brain’s cell bodies are packed, is called the
________________________.
16. The _______________________, a deep fissure, splits the brain down the middle into the left and right
hemispheres.
17. ____________________ refers to the left and right hemispheres appearing as mirror images.
18. The left and right hemispheres are connected by a dense bundle of fiber called the ________________________,
which allows the two halves of the brain to communicate and is the only place where the two cerebral hemispheres are
connected.
19. _______________________ refers to the different roles the hemispheres play in mental functioning.
20. Other fissures divide sections of the cerebrum into ___________ named for the parts of the skull under which they
are located.
21. The ________________ is located at the back of the brain and is associated with visual processing and
collaborates with other brain structures in the formation of memory.
22. The _________________ is the middle area of the brain and is involved in spatial processing and in interpreting of
our sense of touch.
23. The _________________ , on the sides of the brain near the ears, are involved in hearing and collaborate with other
parts of the brain in memory and emotion.
24. The _______________ lobe, in the front of the brain, is related to executive functions like attention, organization,
planning, judgment, problem solving, and creativity.
25. The ______________ is located under the cerebrum at the back of the skull, is the second largest brain structure, is
often described as “the little brain,” and is associated with hand-eye coordination, balance, motor related memory, and
problem solving.
26. The ______________ is part of the brain stem located at the top of the spinal cord and is responsible for many vital
functions including breathing, temperature regulation, and some aspects of speech.
27. _____________ are disorders of speech due to brain injury that provided early researchers evidence of which
portions of the brain are involved in language.
28. A ____________________________ is the result of a cut-off of blood supply to a part of the brain.
29. Strokes are caused by deposits to the brain’s arteries (____________________), hardening of the arteries
(_________________), clotting in the arteries (______________), a clot from somewhere else carried to the brain
(________________), arteries bulging out (________________), or by arteries bursting (_____________).
30. A ________________________ is a type of psychosurgery in which the nerve fibers connection a portion of the
frontal lobe to the thalamus is cut.
31. Wilder Penfield’s created a map of the motor cortex identifying the parts that controlled the movement of specific body
parts. Penfield’s map is called the __________________.
32. _______________ techniques allow researchers to observe brain structures and functioning.
33. The ________________________________ records electrical voltage in the brain through electrodes on the scalp
showing researchers brain activity but not brain structure.
34. _________________________ involves rotating an x-ray machine around the brain to produce series of pictures of
the brain producing e a 3-dimensional x-ray of the brain showing brain structure but not brain activity.
35. __________________________ produces real-time three-dimensional still pictures showing which areas of the
brain are active. This imaging shows brain structure and activity and has provided important information about the nature of
auditory hallucination in schizophrenics, multiple personalities disorders, and even demon possession.
36. ______________________________ uses powerful magnetic fields to induce a weak radio frequency signal
showing activity in very small areas of the brain.
37. _____________ are the cellular building blocks of the nervous system.
38. ________________ neurons carry signals from sense receptors (vision, taste, sound, odor, and touch) toward the
central nervous system.
39. __________ neurons transmit signals from the central nervous system to muscles and glands.
40. ___________________ exist exclusively in the spinal cord and the brain, make up 90% of all human nerve cells, and
are stimulated by signals reaching them from other sensory neurons.
41. _____________ cells, though technically not nerve cells (they do not transmit electro-chemical signals), support
neural functioning by digesting dead neurons, producing the myelin sheathing, and providing nutrition to neurons.
42. Neurons differ from other cells in that they communicate with each other via specialized extensions called
______________ and ___________.
43. ___________________ surrounds and insulates the axon and works to increase the speed at which signals move
along the axon.
44. Neural impulses travel from one neuron to the next across the ____________________.
45. When the neural impulse reaches the axon of a neuron, ________________ contained in synaptic vesicles are
released into the synaptic cleft.
46. Neurotransmitters excite or inhibit the recipient neuron. _______________ neurotransmitters make the post-
synaptic neuron more likely to transmit an impulse. ________________ neurotransmitters make the post-synaptic neuron
less likely to transmit a nerve impulse.
47. The _______________________ consists of those nerves outside of the brain and the spinal cord and is system is
subdivided in the _______________ and ______________ nervous systems.
48. ____________ nerves carry information from the muscles and sense organs to the central nervous system and
___________ nerves carry information from the CNS to the muscles and sense organs.
49. The ____________________ nervous system controls smooth muscles found in places like the stomach,
intestines, blood vessels, glands, and the bladder and controls all the automatic functions in the body, including respiration,
perspiration, digestion, and heartbeat.
50. The autonomic nervous system is further subdivided into the __________________, ________________, and
________________ nervous systems.
51. The ________________ system creates an excited state to get the body ready for emergency action by increasing
adrenaline flow, heart rate, and respiration, slowing digestion, and drawing blood to the skeletal muscles so the body can
act quickly.
52. Where the sympathetic system acts like an accelerator, the ____________________ system acts like a brake by
restoring the body to a state of rest and relaxation.
53. The _____________ nervous system is a network of nerve fibers in the stomach, intestines, pancreas, and gall
bladder controlling the digestive process.
research. List them.
1. _____________________________
2. ________________________________________
3. ______________________________
4. __________________________________________
2. Homeschool Psych suggested that introductory psychology texts generally approach the content of psychology from
five perspectives. List them.
1. _____________________________
2. ________________________________________
3. _____________________________
4. ________________________________________
5. _____________________________
3. The theory of _______________ asserts that the presence of similar anatomical structures in different species is
evidence of evolutionary processes.
4. True or False? The Bible mentions the heart, mind, blood, bowels, liver, and kidneys, but not the brain.
5. True or False? For most of human history, the heart was thought to be the most important organ and the seat of the
mind.
6. True or False? The ancient Greeks thought the liver contained the mind.
7. The human nervous system consists of two systems, the _____________ and the ______________.
8. The central nervous system consists of the _____________ and the _______________ .
9. The peripheral nervous system, made up of the ______________, _______________, and _________________
systems, is the network of nerves traveling throughout the entire body.
10. The brain is shielded by the skull, cushioned and nourished in _______________________, and protected from
toxins by the _________________.
11. In the embryo, brain development begins as a tube of cells that rapidly develop into three distinct parts, the
________________, _________________, and ____________________.
12. The forebrain consists of the ________________ , _______________ , and _________________.
13. As the brain develops, it folds into deep wrinkles called ______________ allowing more brain surface area to fit in
the limited space of the skull.
14. The ______________ is the largest and topmost part of the brain, makes up about two-thirds of brain matter.
15. The cerebrum's outermost layer, where most of the brain’s cell bodies are packed, is called the
________________________.
16. The _______________________, a deep fissure, splits the brain down the middle into the left and right
hemispheres.
17. ____________________ refers to the left and right hemispheres appearing as mirror images.
18. The left and right hemispheres are connected by a dense bundle of fiber called the ________________________,
which allows the two halves of the brain to communicate and is the only place where the two cerebral hemispheres are
connected.
19. _______________________ refers to the different roles the hemispheres play in mental functioning.
20. Other fissures divide sections of the cerebrum into ___________ named for the parts of the skull under which they
are located.
21. The ________________ is located at the back of the brain and is associated with visual processing and
collaborates with other brain structures in the formation of memory.
22. The _________________ is the middle area of the brain and is involved in spatial processing and in interpreting of
our sense of touch.
23. The _________________ , on the sides of the brain near the ears, are involved in hearing and collaborate with other
parts of the brain in memory and emotion.
24. The _______________ lobe, in the front of the brain, is related to executive functions like attention, organization,
planning, judgment, problem solving, and creativity.
25. The ______________ is located under the cerebrum at the back of the skull, is the second largest brain structure, is
often described as “the little brain,” and is associated with hand-eye coordination, balance, motor related memory, and
problem solving.
26. The ______________ is part of the brain stem located at the top of the spinal cord and is responsible for many vital
functions including breathing, temperature regulation, and some aspects of speech.
27. _____________ are disorders of speech due to brain injury that provided early researchers evidence of which
portions of the brain are involved in language.
28. A ____________________________ is the result of a cut-off of blood supply to a part of the brain.
29. Strokes are caused by deposits to the brain’s arteries (____________________), hardening of the arteries
(_________________), clotting in the arteries (______________), a clot from somewhere else carried to the brain
(________________), arteries bulging out (________________), or by arteries bursting (_____________).
30. A ________________________ is a type of psychosurgery in which the nerve fibers connection a portion of the
frontal lobe to the thalamus is cut.
31. Wilder Penfield’s created a map of the motor cortex identifying the parts that controlled the movement of specific body
parts. Penfield’s map is called the __________________.
32. _______________ techniques allow researchers to observe brain structures and functioning.
33. The ________________________________ records electrical voltage in the brain through electrodes on the scalp
showing researchers brain activity but not brain structure.
34. _________________________ involves rotating an x-ray machine around the brain to produce series of pictures of
the brain producing e a 3-dimensional x-ray of the brain showing brain structure but not brain activity.
35. __________________________ produces real-time three-dimensional still pictures showing which areas of the
brain are active. This imaging shows brain structure and activity and has provided important information about the nature of
auditory hallucination in schizophrenics, multiple personalities disorders, and even demon possession.
36. ______________________________ uses powerful magnetic fields to induce a weak radio frequency signal
showing activity in very small areas of the brain.
37. _____________ are the cellular building blocks of the nervous system.
38. ________________ neurons carry signals from sense receptors (vision, taste, sound, odor, and touch) toward the
central nervous system.
39. __________ neurons transmit signals from the central nervous system to muscles and glands.
40. ___________________ exist exclusively in the spinal cord and the brain, make up 90% of all human nerve cells, and
are stimulated by signals reaching them from other sensory neurons.
41. _____________ cells, though technically not nerve cells (they do not transmit electro-chemical signals), support
neural functioning by digesting dead neurons, producing the myelin sheathing, and providing nutrition to neurons.
42. Neurons differ from other cells in that they communicate with each other via specialized extensions called
______________ and ___________.
43. ___________________ surrounds and insulates the axon and works to increase the speed at which signals move
along the axon.
44. Neural impulses travel from one neuron to the next across the ____________________.
45. When the neural impulse reaches the axon of a neuron, ________________ contained in synaptic vesicles are
released into the synaptic cleft.
46. Neurotransmitters excite or inhibit the recipient neuron. _______________ neurotransmitters make the post-
synaptic neuron more likely to transmit an impulse. ________________ neurotransmitters make the post-synaptic neuron
less likely to transmit a nerve impulse.
47. The _______________________ consists of those nerves outside of the brain and the spinal cord and is system is
subdivided in the _______________ and ______________ nervous systems.
48. ____________ nerves carry information from the muscles and sense organs to the central nervous system and
___________ nerves carry information from the CNS to the muscles and sense organs.
49. The ____________________ nervous system controls smooth muscles found in places like the stomach,
intestines, blood vessels, glands, and the bladder and controls all the automatic functions in the body, including respiration,
perspiration, digestion, and heartbeat.
50. The autonomic nervous system is further subdivided into the __________________, ________________, and
________________ nervous systems.
51. The ________________ system creates an excited state to get the body ready for emergency action by increasing
adrenaline flow, heart rate, and respiration, slowing digestion, and drawing blood to the skeletal muscles so the body can
act quickly.
52. Where the sympathetic system acts like an accelerator, the ____________________ system acts like a brake by
restoring the body to a state of rest and relaxation.
53. The _____________ nervous system is a network of nerve fibers in the stomach, intestines, pancreas, and gall
bladder controlling the digestive process.
| Answer Key |
| Student Workbook |
| Chapter 7: The Biological Components |
| Chapter 7: Assignments |
a) The account of Phinehas P. Gage is a striking account of the localization of brain function
Chapter 7: For further study
a) Modern psychology goes to great lengths to try to explain human consciousness in terms of evolutionary
processes. This article provides strong evidence for intelligent design in the context of the human nervous system.
b) I strongly recommend your student read Darwin's Black Box: The Biochemical Challenge to Evolution, Science
and Evidence for Design in the Universe, or The Edge of Evolution: The Search for the Limits of Darwinism by Michael J.
Behe. Here is a sample.
c) This is a thick article describing the difficulties reductionism theorists face defining the “mind” in terms of brain
structures and functions.
d) Excellent opportunity to see brain structures.
e) This site provides your student with a simple overview of Roger Sperry’s work on hemispheric specialization.
f) The National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders conducts and support research in
hearing, balance, smell, taste, voice, speech, and language.
g) Lobotomies represent a tragic page in the history of the care of the mentally ill.
Chapter 7: For further study
a) Modern psychology goes to great lengths to try to explain human consciousness in terms of evolutionary
processes. This article provides strong evidence for intelligent design in the context of the human nervous system.
b) I strongly recommend your student read Darwin's Black Box: The Biochemical Challenge to Evolution, Science
and Evidence for Design in the Universe, or The Edge of Evolution: The Search for the Limits of Darwinism by Michael J.
Behe. Here is a sample.
c) This is a thick article describing the difficulties reductionism theorists face defining the “mind” in terms of brain
structures and functions.
d) Excellent opportunity to see brain structures.
e) This site provides your student with a simple overview of Roger Sperry’s work on hemispheric specialization.
f) The National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders conducts and support research in
hearing, balance, smell, taste, voice, speech, and language.
g) Lobotomies represent a tragic page in the history of the care of the mentally ill.
| Chapter 7: Review Quiz |
| HOMESCHOOL PSYCH: Preparing Christian Homeschool Students for Psychology 101 Student Workbook, Quizzes, and Answer Key |
